What drives reindeer management in Finland towards social and ecological tipping points?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Reindeer management (RM) in northern Fennoscandia is an example of social-ecological systems (SESs) providing social, cultural, ecological, and economic values. Changing climate pasture conditions societal changes continue to transform the operational environment RM. These key drivers, resulting transformations including alternative SES states, have not been studied detail before. Our comprehensive literature review interviews with herders reveal that land use, change, governance drive emergence tipping points. The basis successful RM depends on quantity quality pastures secure animal fitness. However, intensive forestry, extreme weather, predators constrain availability forage suitable calving grounds. Maintaining by means predation compensation mechanisms regular supplementary winter feeding adapt brought about use warming comprises system state. if negative impacts increase remarkably or rapidly compensatory become insufficient, long-term identity, even local collapses, are expected. Although some environmental perceived as pressures herders, they can be beneficial for other livelihoods region. Therefore, our study raises questions future studies social justice, such who has right decide what constitutes a desirable state, collaborative efforts maintain would entail. work applicable also Arctic/sub-Arctic regions where nature-based livelihoods, small-scale forestry agriculture, hunting, traditional fishing, gathering practiced.
منابع مشابه
Social tipping points and Earth systems dynamics
1 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bristol University, Bristol, UK 2 Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK 3 Institute of Hazard , Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham, UK 4 School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 5 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK 6 Durham University Business School, Dur...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Regional Environmental Change
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1436-378X', '1436-3798']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01757-3